Seeing pink in the sink after brushing is common, but it isn’t something to ignore. MedlinePlus, from the National Library of Medicine, says bleeding gums can be a sign that you have or may develop gum disease. Ongoing bleeding can also signal a serious medical condition.
The most common cause: plaque
MedlinePlus says the main cause is plaque buildup at the gum line, which can lead to inflamed gums (gingivitis). Plaque that isn’t removed hardens into tartar, which may lead to more bleeding and periodontitis, a more advanced disease of the gums and jawbone. See signs of gum disease.
Other causes
MedlinePlus lists:
- brushing too hard or flossing improperly
- hormonal changes during pregnancy. See dental care during pregnancy.
- ill-fitting dentures or other appliances
- infection in a tooth or the gum
- blood thinners
- bleeding disorders and leukemia
- vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) or vitamin K deficiency
Home care
MedlinePlus recommends:
- Brush gently with a soft-bristle brush at least twice a day, ideally after every meal. See how to brush your teeth.
- Floss to keep plaque from turning into tartar, following your dentist’s technique so you don’t hurt your gums. See flossing and interdental cleaning.
- Rinse with salt water, hydrogen peroxide and water, or a rinse for gum inflammation if your dentist advises. Some rinses contain alcohol, so ask first.
- Eat a balanced diet, limit snacking between meals and cut down on carbohydrates.
- Avoid tobacco, which worsens bleeding and can mask other problems.
- To stop bleeding, press a gauze pad soaked in ice water on the gums.
- Avoid aspirin unless your provider recommends it.
- If a medicine seems to cause bleeding, ask your provider about alternatives. Never change medicines on your own.
- An oral irrigation device on the low setting can massage the gums.
- Have poorly fitting dentures or appliances checked.
See the dentist regularly
MedlinePlus advises visiting the dentist at least every 6 months for plaque removal and having a periodontal exam. If gum disease is advanced, a dentist may suggest a deeper cleaning. See scaling and root planing.
When to contact a provider
MedlinePlus says to consult your provider if:
- the bleeding is severe or long-lasting
- your gums keep bleeding even after treatment
- you have other unexplained symptoms along with the bleeding
What to expect at the visit
Your dentist will examine your teeth and gums and ask about your oral care habits, diet and medicines. Tests may include blood work such as a complete blood count and X-rays of your teeth and jawbone (MedlinePlus).
Frequently asked questions
Should I stop flossing if my gums bleed?
MedlinePlus recommends regular flossing to prevent plaque buildup, with your dentist’s guidance on technique. Persistent bleeding should be checked.
Can medicine cause bleeding gums?
Yes. MedlinePlus lists blood thinners. Talk to your provider before changing anything.
Are bleeding gums a sign of something serious?
Usually it’s plaque, but MedlinePlus notes it can be linked to conditions such as bleeding disorders or leukemia. See a provider if it persists.
Sources
By the Dentist Review Editorial Team.
This article is for general information only and is not medical advice. Talk to a licensed dentist about your own situation. See our disclaimer.
Featured image: “Toothbrush 20050716 004” by Jonas Bergsten, via Wikimedia Commons, in the public domain. Resized and compressed for the web.
Our guides are written and reviewed by the Dentist Review editorial team. We research each topic using public, authoritative sources such as the CDC, the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDCR), the American Dental Association (ADA) and CMS, and we update guides when guidance changes. Guides are for general information only and are not dental or medical advice; please read our disclaimer and learn more about us.