Dentures are removable appliances that replace missing teeth. They are one of the oldest tooth replacement options and remain a common choice for people missing many or all of their teeth. “Dentures” covers several quite different appliances, though, and the right type depends on how many teeth you still have, the condition of your gums and jawbone, and how you feel about removable versus fixed teeth. This guide explains the main types, focusing on full versus partial dentures, and what to expect as you get used to them.
What dentures are made of
Cleveland Clinic describes dentures as removable oral appliances for the upper jaw, lower jaw or both, made by dental technicians from materials such as acrylic, resin, nylon, metal and porcelain. Most consist of artificial teeth set in a gum-colored base.
Full (complete) dentures
A full denture replaces an entire arch of teeth. Cleveland Clinic explains that it rests on the gums and relies on the palate (roof of the mouth) or the lower jaw ridge for support. Some people use denture adhesive for extra hold.
Upper full dentures often feel more stable than lower ones because the palate provides a larger surface for suction. Lower dentures sit on a narrower ridge and share space with the tongue, so they can feel looser, especially at first.
Full denture wearers usually take them out at night to clean them and give the gums a rest.
Partial dentures
A partial denture is for people who still have some natural teeth. Cleveland Clinic notes that, like full dentures, partials rely on the gums and bone underneath, but they also have clasps that hook around remaining teeth for extra stability. Partials can have a metal framework or a more flexible base.
A partial denture helps keep remaining teeth from drifting into gaps, which can affect your bite. Because clasps hold onto natural teeth, keeping those teeth clean and healthy is essential.
Other denture types
Immediate dentures
Worn right after extractions so you are not without teeth while healing. Cleveland Clinic says they are sometimes temporary, replaced by a final denture once the gums heal; in other cases the final denture can be worn immediately. Gums and bone change shape a lot in the months after extractions, so immediate dentures often need relining. For more on extractions, see our tooth extraction guide.
Implant-retained (“snap-in”) dentures
These attach to dental implants placed in the jaw. Cleveland Clinic explains that they remain removable for cleaning but snap onto the implants, typically offering more stability than conventional dentures and no need for adhesive.
Implant-supported (fixed) dentures
Sometimes called permanent or hybrid dentures, these are not removable by the wearer. Cleveland Clinic notes they suit people who do not want a removable appliance, but they require more thorough daily cleaning, including underneath. For cost considerations, see our comparison of implant vs. denture cost factors.
Full vs. partial at a glance
- Who it is for: full dentures replace all teeth in an arch; partials fill gaps among remaining teeth.
- Support: full dentures rely on gums and bone (and the palate for uppers); partials also grip natural teeth.
- Effect on remaining teeth: partials help keep teeth from shifting, but clasped teeth need extra care.
- Alternatives: a partial may compete with a bridge or implants; a full denture may compete with implant-retained or fixed options. Our dental bridges guide covers the fixed alternative for smaller gaps.
Dentures are not the only option for missing teeth; our comparison of implants, bridges and dentures explains when each tends to fit.
How dentures are made
Cleveland Clinic describes a consultation with an exam and X-rays to check the jawbone, followed by several steps: impressions of the jaws (often a preliminary and a final set), a stone model made by a lab, wax blocks to set where teeth will go, and try-ins to check fit, bite and appearance before the final denture is processed. Expect several appointments. A prosthodontist is a dental specialist in tooth replacement; see our specialists guide.
The adjustment period
New dentures take getting used to. Common early experiences include extra saliva, sore spots, a feeling of bulk, and changes in speech for certain sounds. Some practical tips:
- Start with soft foods cut into small pieces and chew on both sides at once to keep the denture stable.
- Practice reading aloud to adapt your speech.
- Go back for adjustments. Sore spots are usually fixable by easing the denture where it presses.
- Do not try to adjust a denture yourself.
Daily care
- Remove and rinse dentures after eating.
- Brush the denture daily with a soft brush and a cleanser made for dentures; regular toothpaste can be abrasive.
- Soak dentures overnight if your dentist recommends it, so they do not dry out or warp.
- Clean your gums, tongue and palate, and brush any remaining natural teeth carefully, especially those that hold partial clasps.
- Handle dentures over a folded towel or basin of water so they do not break if dropped.
Keep seeing a dentist even with a full denture. Your jaw changes shape over time, so dentures may need relining or remaking, and the dentist also checks the soft tissues of the mouth. See how often to see the dentist.
Cost factors
We have not found a reliable national price to cite, so we describe the factors instead: full versus partial; materials (for example, metal framework versus flexible base); whether extractions or immediate dentures are needed; whether implants are involved; the number of adjustment visits and relines included; and your insurance coverage for prosthetics. Medicaid dental coverage for adults varies by state; see dentists that accept Medicaid. Find denture providers in your area in our directory.
Frequently asked questions
Should I sleep with my dentures in?
Many dentists advise taking dentures out at night to clean them and rest the gums, and Cleveland Clinic notes this is usual. Follow your own dentist’s instructions.
How long does it take to get used to dentures?
It varies from person to person. Sore spots, extra saliva and speech changes are common early on. Go back to your dentist for adjustments rather than putting up with pain.
Can a partial denture damage my natural teeth?
The clasps rest on natural teeth, so those teeth need careful cleaning. A well-fitted partial that is kept clean and checked regularly helps protect them.
What is the difference between implant-retained and implant-supported dentures?
According to Cleveland Clinic, implant-retained dentures snap onto implants but remain removable, while implant-supported dentures are fixed and only a dentist can remove them.
Do dentures need replacing?
Your jawbone and gums change over time, so dentures may need relining, repair or remaking. Regular checkups help catch fit problems.
Photo: cottonbro studio / Pexels
Sources
By the Dentist Review Editorial Team.
This is general information, not medical advice. Talk to a licensed dentist about your own situation. See our disclaimer.
